Quick Ways To Lose Weight Fast

Fat gain may not be a reason of depression for many. But sometimes there arises such problems which make you say ?God this is due to fat!? Due to fat gain you will find that your normal life is at stake and if you go on ignoring your increasing body weight, you are sure to become a base for various diseases and problems. Apart form various problems; one of the most significant problems that a fatty person confronts is that of sexual problems. This is one of the most serious problems in one?s life. Accumulation of excess fats in body makes the body lazy and due to which a person tends to tire out soon. This makes him or her ignore their partner?s sexual urges and gradually a relation seems to go astray.

So becoming too much fat may create serious problems in one?s personal life. If you love your partner than why not think of fat loss and regain your fitness. If you are really serious by now, it?s better to act now for some vital solutions. Phentermine can be the best solution for eradicating your fat for good. It?s a diet pill and is found to be very effective in burning your fats. It is usually taken as a single daily dose in the morning and that too in empty stomach. It has been also found that using Phentermine with a balanced exercise and diet is a very appropriate way to achieve the results one desires.

This drug Phentermine targets our hypothalamus gland present in our brain. Due to which, certain neurotransmitters get affected and gradually suppress our appetite. At the same time it manages our body metabolisms too. It is really very effective and one feels the difference within a period of 10-12 weeks. Approved by FDA way back in 1959, it is now readily available in the market.

Side effects like dizziness, dry mouth and constipation may visit your health initially but slowly and steadily as our body gets used to Phentermine, these problems fades. However it is wise to consult your doctor. Phentermine really works in a significant way and can help you a lot in bringing close to your partner and family as well.

Quick Ways To Lose Weight Fast

Christian Weight Loss Plan

You and I know that losing fat and staying in great shape is a difficult task because it is so hard to stay motivated and it is so tempting to cheat, especially when you can hide the cheating. We dieters have all been in a starving situation when dieting and our mind reasons very quickly why that extra piece of pie is not going to hurt us. We take it, forget about it and then wonder next day why we didn?t lose weight.

For most of us dieting is a constant battle between emotion and reason and when hungry, reason is out of the window and emotion just wins. We do not see the immediate effects of our behavior and therefore our brain is fooled into thinking that everything is all right. On the other hand, let?s say you would get very sick when eating more than you need, overeating would stop very quickly.

Getting sick after a little bit of overeating does normally not happen therefore we need to find a different way to show the consequences of our behavior. We need to show this in a factual manner, an immediate visual display of the results of our cheating. It is not punishment right away, but over time our brain will be conditioned such that taking an extra piece of pie will give negative weight loss results. Then we will start to understand why we don?t lose weight and can pinpoint the causes.

What should this visual display look like? First I like charts, they are very easy to understand and can show trends and correlations between variables. In this chart I would like to see over a period of time, the average calories that I take in per day compared with the average calories that I burn per day. If the chart shows that the intake calories are lower than the burned calories, I will lose weight and vice versa I will gain weight. Correlate that with a chart that shows your weight or BMI (Body Mass Index) over time and I have the tool that helps me regulate my food consumption versus my daily activities.

If I add my hunger levels before and after the meals, I can fine tune my meal plans and daily activities. In this way I can sustain my dieting for a long time and preferably it will become my way of life. I have minimized the hunger pain and increase the pleasure of losing weight and feeling more attractive.

There is abundance of free online food calorie calculators. These calorie counters just display nutrition facts and are not going to help you lose weight. Nor is a simple calorie calculator that tries to calculate your calories burned solely based on your weight and average activity level. These are simple little gimmicks that are a waste of your time.

Only when you seriously can track and correlate your calorie intake and calories burned over time, depending on your age, weight, gender, height and individual activity intensity levels can you precisely measure your calorie balance. Seeing visually that your weight loss program works is a big motivator to stay on track. Also you can see immediately when you are off track and you can adjust your situation accordingly.

Acquiring great health is a complex task. Interrelating factors like diet, nutritional facts, meal plans, calorie balance, body reading measurements, supplement and medicine intake, exercise routines, daily activity intensity and costs will make it very difficult for you to see the forest for the trees.
Well designed software that keeps track of all of the above factors and can correlate them will make it very easy to manage your health, fitness, weight loss, muscle mass gain or any goal you have set…

Christian Weight Loss Plan

The Weight Control

We go out to eat to celebrate a birthday, anniversary, promotion, etc. Or we entertain around dinner parties and holidays. At church functions, there are socials and potluck meals. You name it and somehow it all revolves around food. Yes it has a role in our lives of comfort and entertainment. Culturally and instinctively we prepare and serve foods to comfort those who have experienced loss, to celebrate joy or to show friendship and love. Food is very important in our lives. Without food we would not be able to perform our daily activities. Our muscles would wither, our nervous system would fail. We all need food.

WHAT IS EMOTIONAL EATING?

But are you also eating whenever you are lonely or sad? Seeing food as more than just a source of energy and enjoying it simply for the satisfaction it gives is not wrong. In fact science shows that food can promote good feelings by chemical reactions caused in our brains. What IS a problem is when an individual cannot experience pain, anxiety, joy or even boredom without turning to food as means of dealing with those feelings, or they are obsessed with food, weight and dieting.

Emotional eaters turn to food as a source of distraction from dealing with feelings. However, eating these foods leads to feelings of guilt which can only be soothed with more eating, restrictive dieting, excessive exercise or purging.

Emotional eaters tend to value themselves based on their weight and how closely they’ve stuck to their ‘ideal’ diet. Because of this distorted relationship with food, foods are labeled “GOOD” and “BAD”. Emotional eating can lead to serious eating disorders and depression.

HOW DO I KNOW IF I’M AN EMOTIONAL EATER?

Do you turn to food for reasons other than hunger? Are you obsessed with thoughts of food - whether you plan to eat it or are concentrating on restricting yourself from eating it?

Do you regularly try diets and fail - leading to guilt and further over eating? Do you think about or attempt to purge excess food by throwing up or using laxatives? Do you exercise compulsively when you think you’ve eaten too much?

HOW DO I OVERCOME EMOTIONAL EATING?

Since emotional eating is caused by looking to food as a coping strategy for emotional distress dieting can actually create more problems. When the emotional eater fails to stick to a diet they suffer feelings of guilt that can only be soothed with more food and in turn, more guilt or punishment.

Instead of trying to focus on what they are eating, the emotional eater needs to learn new skills for coping with stressful emotions. Often this requires the help of a Personal Coach or Psychotherapist who deals with emotional eating. It is only by finding replacements for the comfort food provided that the individual can put food into its rightful place and learn healthy eating habits that last a lifetime.

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The Weight Control

Healthy Ways To Loose Weight

If you are a person who has struggled with their weight and has a BMI, or body mass index, above a 27, the idea of a pill helping you lose weight is very appealing. Taking diet pills seem to be the quick fix to helping obese persons lose weight. There are advantages to taking diet pills, but you have to weigh these benefits with the potential dangers of taking diet pills.

Some things you have to be careful about when taking diet pills are:

? Dangerous side effects and drug interactions ? Some prescription diet drugs are very strong. Possible side effects occur in almost all prescription medications, and some can be very serious in nature. Each diet pill has its own unique set of side effect warnings, but some of the more commonly listed side effects are dry mouth, sleeplessness, irritability, upset stomach and constipation. You also have to look at the possibility of drug interactions between the diet pills and other medications you are taking. If you have any other health issues, the taking of diet pills may cause serious consequences when combined with other medications.

? The potential for becoming dependant of the diet pills ? There are many diet pills that can become habit forming. Some prescription diet pills are stimulant-based and can be abused by users. This abuse can lead to dependence, just as with any other strong medication. Make sure to talk with your doctor if he decides to put you on a diet prescription that has been shown to be habit-forming. Find out what signs you should look for to indicate if you are having a problem.

? The potential of the diet pills disrupting regular metabolism ? Since prescription diet drugs main purpose is to suppress appetite, the person taking diet pills may find themselves consuming many less calories than normal. This is good for losing weight on the surface, but ultimately will lead to your natural metabolism to slow down. When your natural metabolism slows, so does the rate in which you lose weight. That is why people who take diet drugs find they only lose a finite amount of weight when they take diet pills alone.

In order for diet pills to work for you, the first thing you should do is talk to your doctor. Find ways to change your lifestyle on top of the taking of the diet drugs to help you lose weight. Regular exercise, changing food choices, and regular check-ups with your doctor are great ways to increase your weight loss success.

Healthy Ways To Loose Weight

Wuyi Mountains

Mount Wuyi*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	China
Type	Mixed
Criteria	iii, vi, vii, x
Reference	911
Region**	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	1999  (23rd Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Wuyi Mountains (Chinese: ???; pinyin: W?yí Sh?n; POJ: Bu-i Soa?) are a mountain range located at the prefecture Nanping, at the northern border of Fujian (Hok-kian) province with Jiangxi province, China. The mountains cover an area of 60 km². In 1999, Mount Wuyi entered UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites, both natural and cultural. It is the most outstanding biodiversity conservation zone of Southeast China. Numerous types of tea are produced around Mount Wuyi, it is the origin of the real Da Hong Pao tea and Lapsang souchong, further described in Wuyi tea.

Location

The Wuyi Mountains are located between Wuyishan City, at Nanping prefecture of Fujian province and Wuyishan Town, at Shangrao city of Jiangxi province. The geographical coordinates are 27° 43? northern latitude and 117° 41? east of Greenwich. The area is connected to the road network by provincial road number S303. The world heritage site has an area of 999.75 square kilometres within an additional buffer zone of 278.88 km².

Geology

The region is part of the Cathayshan fold system and has experienced high volcanic activity and the formation of large fault structures, which were subsequently subject to erosion by water and weathering. The landscape is characterized by winding river valleys flanked by columnar or dome-shaped cliffs as well as cave systems. Peaks in the western portion of the Wuyi Mountains typically consist of volcanic or plutonic rocks, whereas peaks and hills in the eastern area are made up of red sandstone with very steep slopes but flat tops. The Nine-bend River (Jiuqu Xi), about 60 kilometers in length, meanders in a deep gorge among these hills. The highest peak in the area is Mount Huanggang at 2,158 meters, making it the highest point of Fujian, the lowest altitudes are around 200 meters.

Climate

Nine-bend River in the Wuyi Mountains.

The Wuyi Mountains act as a protective barrier against the inflow of cold air from the northwest and retain warm moist air originating from the sea. As a result, the area has a humid climate (humidity 80 to 85%) with high rainfall (annual average 2,200 millimeters in the south-west and 3,200 millimeters in the north) and common fogs. Lower altitudes experience annual temperatures in the range from 12 to 18 °C.

The area is relatively pollution-free, the Chinese government set up its first air quality monitoring station in the area on January 31, 2005.

Biodiversity and environment

Forest in the nature reserve portion of the Wuyi Mountains.

The Wuyi Mountains are the largest and most representative example of Chinese subtropical forests and South Chinese rainforests’ biodiversity. Its ecology has survived from before the Ice Age around 3 million years ago. Biologists have been conducting field research in the area since 1873.

The vegetation of the area depends strongly on altitude. It is divided into 11 broad categories: 1) temperate coniferous forest, 2) warm coniferous forest, 3) temperate broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, 4) deciduous and broad-leaved forest, 5) evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest, 6) evergreen broad-leaved forest, 7) bamboo forest, deciduous broad-leaved shrub forest, 9) evergreen broad-leaved shrub forest, 10) brush-wood, and 11) meadow steppe. Most common are evergreen broad-leaved forests, some of which make up the largest remaining tracts of humid sub-tropical forests in the world. Higher plants from 284 families, 1,107 genera and 2,888 species as well as 840 species of lower plant and fungus have been reported for the region. The most common tree families are Beech Fagaceae, Laurel (Lauraceae), Camellia (Theaceae), Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), Elaeocarpaceae, and Witchhazel Hamamelidaceae.

The fauna of the Wuyi Mountains is renowned for its high diversity, which includes many rare and unusual species. In total, approximately 5,000 animal species have been reported for the area. 475 of these species are vertebrates and 4,635 insects. The number of vertebrate species is divided as follows:

49 vertebrate species are endemic to China and 3 are endemic to the Wuyi Mountains. The latter are the bird David’s Parrotbill (Paradoxornis davidianus), Pope’s Spiny Toad (Vibrissaphora liui), and the Bamboo Snake Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti (family Colubridae). Other known endangered species in the area include: South Chinese Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Hairy-fronted Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis - a goat antelope), Cabot’s Tragopan (Tragopan caboti), Chinese Black-backed Pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti), Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus), and the Golden Kaiserihind (Teinopalpus aureus - a Swallowtail Butterfly).

Human history

Human settlement on the slopes of Mount Wuyi can be traced back 4,000 years by archeological remains. During the Western Han Dynasty, the ancient city of Chengcun was the capital of the Minyue kingdom. In the 7th century, the Wuyi Palace was built for emperors to conduct sacrificial activities, a site that tourists can still visit today. The mountains were an important center of Taoism and later Buddhism. Remains of 35 academies erected from the era of the Northern Song to the Qin Dynasty and more than 60 Taoist temples and monasteries have been located. However, most of these remains are very incomplete. Some of the exceptions for which authentic remains are preserved are the Taoyuan Temple, the Wannian Palace, the Sanqing Hall, the Tiancheng Temple, the Baiyun temple, and the Tianxin temple. The area is the cradle of Neo-Confucianism, a current that became very influential since the 11th century.

Tourism

The Yulu hill, the “symbol” of Wuyi Mountains

Punting on the River of Nine Bends, Wuyishan, China

The number of visitors to the area has increased from approximately 424,000 in 1993 to 700,000 in 1998. A raft trip down the Nine-bend River is the most popular activity followed by a visit to the “Thread of Sky” caves, where the narrowest walkway is only 30cm. Visitor access to the biodiversity protection area is controlled.
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Ivy Compton-Burnett

Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett, DBE (5 June 1884 – 27 August 1969) was an English novelist, published (in the original hardback editions by Gollancz) as I. Compton-Burnett. She was awarded the 1955 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for her novel Mother and Son.

Life

The daughter of a well-known homeopathic doctor, Compton-Burnett (pronounced ‘Cumpton-Burnit’) grew up in Hove and London. Her father had twelve children by two wives and Ivy’s mother (the second wife) sent all her stepchildren away to boarding school as soon as possible.

In the author blurb of the old Penguin editions of her novels there was a paragraph written by Compton-Burnett herself:

“I have had such an uneventful life that there is little information to give. I was educated with my brothers in the country as a child, and later went to Holloway College, and took a degree in Classics. I lived with my family when I was quite young but for most of my life have had my own flat in London. I see a good deal of a good many friends, not all of them writing people. And there is really no more to say.”

This omits the fact that her favourite brother, Guy, died of pneumonia; another, Noel, was killed on the Somme, and two sisters died in a suicide pact on Christmas Day. Not one of the twelve siblings had children, and all eight girls remained unmarried.

She spent much of her life as companion to Margaret Jourdain (died 1951), a leading authority on the decorative arts and the history of furniture, who shared the author’s Kensington flat from 1919. For the first ten years, Compton-Burnett seems to have remained unobtrusively in the background, always severely dressed in black. When Pastors and Masters appeared in 1925, Jourdain claimed to have been unaware that her friend was writing a novel.

Compton-Burnett was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium.

Work

Apart from Dolores (1911), a traditional novel she later rejected as something “one wrote as a girl”, Compton-Burnett’s fiction deals with domestic situations in large households which, to all intents and purposes, invariably seem Edwardian. The description of human weaknesses and foibles of all sorts pervades her work, and the family that emerges from each of her novels must be seen as dysfunctional in one way or another. Starting with Pastors and Masters (1925), Compton-Burnett developed a highly individualistic style. Her fiction relies heavily on dialogue and demands constant attention on the reader’s part: there are instances in her work where important information is casually mentioned in a half sentence. Her use of punctuation was deliberately perfunctory: there are no colons or semi-colons, no exclamation marks, no italics.

Critical reception

Of Pastors and Masters, the New Statesman wrote: “It is astonishing, amazing. It is like nothing else in the world. It is a work of genius.”

In her essay collection L’Ère du soupçon (1956), an early manifesto for the French nouveau roman, Nathalie Sarraute hails Compton-Burnett as an “one of the greatest novelists England has ever had”.

Bibliography

• Dolores (1911)
• Pastors and Masters (1925)
• Brothers and Sisters (1929)
• Men and Wives (1931)
• More Women Than Men (1933)
• A House and Its Head (1935)
• Daughters and Sons (1937)
• A Family and a Fortune (1939)
• Parents and Children (1941)
• Elders and Betters (1944)
• Manservant and Maidservant (1947, published in the US as Bullivant and the Lambs)
• Two Worlds and Their Ways (1949)
• Darkness and Day (1951)
• The Present and the Past (1953)
• Mother and Son (1955)
• A Father and His Fate (1957)
• A Heritage and Its History (1959)
• The Mighty and Their Fall (1961)
• A God and His Gifts (1963)
• The Last and the First (published posthumously in 1971)

Most of her novels are out of print.

Further reading

• Hilary Spurling: Ivy: The Life of I. Compton-Burnett (1995) (combines two separate volumes originally published in 1974 and 1984) (ISBN 978-1860660269).
• Frederick R. Karl: “The Intimate World of Ivy Compton-Burnett”, A Reader’s Guide to the Contemporary English Novel (1961) 201-219.

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Kuangyüan

Guangyuan
—  Prefecture-level city  —
Chinese transcription(s)
- Simplified	??
- Traditional	??
- Pinyin	G?angyúan
Location of Guangyuan City jurisdiction (yellow) within Sichuan
Guangyuan Location in China
Coordinates: 32°26?N 105°49?E? / ?32.433, 105.817
Country	China
Province	Sichuan
Area
- Total	16,313.78 km² (6,298.8 sq mi)
Population (2002)
- Total	3,037,600
- Density	186.2/km² (482.3/sq mi)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code	628017
Area code(s)	0839
Website: http://www.cngy.gov.cn/

Guangyuan (simplified Chinese: ??; traditional Chinese: ??; pinyin: G?angyúan; Wade-Giles: Kuang-yüan) is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China. It has an area of 16313.78 square kilometers and a population of 3,037,600 in 2002.

Guangyuan’s economy is based on a diverse array of heavy industry, as well as mining and agriculture. It is an ancient city, notable for its relics and tombs. Plant 821, a large plutonium producing reactor is located near Guangyuan.

On May 12, 2008 a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurred. 4,822 people were killed, 28,245 injured, and 125 missing in the city as of June 7, 2008.

Administrative divisions

• Shizhong District (???)
• Yuanba District (???)
• Chaotian District (???)
• Wangcang County (???)
• Qingchuan County (???)
• Jian’ge County (???)
• Cangxi County (???)

References

1. ^ (Chinese) Profile of Guangyuan, official website of Guangyuan Government, visited on May 13, 2008.
2. ^ “Guangyuan Government Held 20th News Conference for the Earthquake on June 7″ (in Chinese), Official website of Guangyuan Government (2008-06-08). Retrieved on 8 June 2008. 

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Hold the Lion, Please

Hold the Lion, Please is a Merrie Melodies cartoon, first released on June 13, 1942, distributed by the Vitaphone Corporation and Warner Bros.. This skit is Bugs Bunny’s tenth appearance and Chuck Jones’ 39th Warner Bros. cartoon.

The short was directed by Chuck Jones, animated by Ken Harris and scripted by Tedd Pierce. Musical Direction was assigned to Carl Stalling.

The title is an obvious play on the expression by switchboard operators asking the caller to “hold the line”. The Three Stooges made a short with a similar title, Hold That Lion, which also featured a renegade lion.

Synopsis

The short focuses on a lion who is trying to prove he is still “King of the Jungle” by hunting a small, defenseless animal. He chooses Bugs Bunny as his intended victim. The lion soon finds out that, in a battle of wits, he is the defenseless one. However, the lion eventually gets Bugs under one paw while raising the other one, claws extended, and looking angry; a truly frightened-looking Bugs could be facing his end. Just then the lion gets a phone call from his wife, changing the lion’s demeanor from mean to meek. He apologizes to Bugs that he can’t “stay and kill him”, and dashes away toward his home. Bugs ridicules the lion’s apparent submissiveness, but he also has someone to answer to: his own wife, who sends Bugs slinking into the rabbit hole while “Mrs. Bugs Bunny” (according to an arrow pointing to her) shows the audience that she “wears the pants in this family.” Mrs. Bugs’ higher-pitched voice is similar to that of Tweety Bird minus the speech impediment. It was the first and last appearance of Mrs. Bugs Bunny, as Bugs is later again depicted as a bachelor.

Am Over Weight And

Bluejohn

Fluorite
Fluorite crystals on display at the Cullen Hall of Gems and Minerals
General
Category	mineral
Chemical formula	calcium fluoride CaF2
Identification
Color	Colorless, white, purple, blue, blue-green, green, yellow, brownish-yellow, pink or red
Crystal habit	Occurs as well-formed coarse sized crystals also massive - granular
Crystal system	Isometric 4/m bar 3 2/m
Cleavage	Perfect, Perfect, Perfect
Fracture	Uneven
Mohs Scale hardness	4
Luster	Vitreous
Refractive index	1.433–1.435
Streak	White
Specific gravity	3.18
Fusibility	3
Solubility	Slightly in water
Other Characteristics	sometimes phosphoresces when heated or scratched. Other varieties fluoresce

Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF₂. It is an isometric mineral with a cubic habit, though octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon. Cubic crystals up to 20 cm across have been found at Dalnegorsk, Russia. Crystal twinning is common and adds complexity to the observed crystal habits.

The word fluorite is derived from the Latin root fluo, meaning “to flow” because the mineral has a relatively low melting point and was used as an important flux in smelting. Fluorite gave its name to its constitutive element fluorine.

Occurrence

Fluorite may occur as a vein deposit, especially with metallic minerals, where it often forms a part of the gangue (the worthless “host-rock” in which valuable minerals occur) and may be associated with galena, sphalerite, barite, quartz, and calcite. It is a common mineral in deposits of hydrothermal origin and has been noted as a primary mineral in granites and other igneous rocks and as a common minor constituent of dolostone and limestone.

Fluorite is a widely occurring mineral which is found in large deposits in many areas. Notable deposits occur in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, England, Norway, Mexico, and Ontario in Canada. Large deposits also occur in Kenya in the Kerio Valley area within the Great Rift Valley. In the United States, deposits are found in Missouri, Oklahoma, Illinois, Kentucky, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Ohio, New Hampshire, New York, Alaska and Texas. Illinois has historically been the largest producer of fluorite in the United States, however, the last of the mines closed in 1995. The Illinois General Assembly passed a resolution in 1965 declaring fluorite as the official state mineral.

Blue John

Vein of Blue John in Treak Cliff Cavern

One of the most famous of the older-known localities of fluorite is Castleton in Derbyshire, England, where, under the name of Derbyshire Blue John, purple-blue fluorite was extracted from several mines/caves, including the famous Blue John Cavern. During the 19th century, this attractive fluorite was mined for its ornamental value. The name derives from French “bleu et jaune” (blue and yellow) characterising its color. Blue John is now scarce, and only a few hundred kilograms are mined each year for ornamental and lapidary use. Mining still takes place in the nearby Treak Cliff Cavern. Recent deposits in China have produced fluorite with coloring and banding similar to the classic Blue John stone.

Fluorescence

Yellow fluorite (~ 4 cm in height)

Many samples of fluorite fluoresce under ultra-violet light, a property that takes its name from fluorite. Many minerals, as well as other substances, fluoresce. Fluorescence involves the elevation of electron energy levels by quanta of ultra-violet light, followed by the progressive falling back of the electrons into their previous energy state, releasing quanta of visible light in the process. In fluorite, the visible light emitted is most commonly blue, but red, purple, yellow, green and white also occur. The fluorescence of fluorite may be due to impurities such as yttrium or organic matter in the crystal lattice. It is not surprising, therefore, that the color of visible light emitted when a sample of fluorite is fluorescing appears dependent on where the original specimen was collected, different impurities having been included in the crystal lattice in different places. Neither do all fluorites fluoresce equally brightly, even from the same locality. Therefore ultra-violet light is not a reliable tool for the identification of specimens, nor for quantifying the mineral in mixtures. For example, among British fluorites, those from Northumberland, County Durham, and Eastern Cumbria are the most consistently fluorescent, whereas fluorites from Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Cornwall, if they fluoresce at all, are generally only feebly fluorescent.

Fluorite also exhibits the property of thermoluminescence.

Uses

Deep purple cubes of fluorite with galena (gray) and calcite (white) from Illinois, USA

There are three principal types of industrial use for fluorite, corresponding to different grades of purity. Metallurgical grade fluorite, the lowest of the three grades, has traditionally been used as a flux to lower the melting point of raw materials in steel production to aid the removal of impurities, and later in the production of aluminium. Ceramic (intermediate) grade fluorite is used in the manufacture of opalescent glass, enamels and cooking utensils. The highest grade, acid grade fluorite, is used to make hydrofluoric acid by decomposing the fluorite with sulfuric acid. Hydrofluoric acid is the primary feedstock for the manufacture of virtually all organic and inorganic fluorine-containing compounds, including fluoropolymers and perfluorocarbons, and is also used to etch glass.

Fluorite is used instead of glass in some high performance telescopes and camera lens elements. Exposure tools for the semiconductor industry make use of fluorite optical elements for ultraviolet light at 157 nm wavelength. Fluorite has a uniquely high transparency at this wavelength. Fluorite has a very low dispersion so lenses made from it exhibit less chromatic aberration than those made of ordinary glass. In telescopes it allows crisp images of astronomical objects even at high power. Fluorite also has ornamental and lapidary uses. Canon Inc. produces synthetic fluorite crystals that are used in their more expensive telephoto lenses. Nikon has previously manufactured at least one all-fluorite element camera lens (105 mm f/4.5 UV) for the production of ultraviolet images.

Fluorite objective lenses are manufactured by the larger microscope firms (Nikon, Olympus, Carl Zeiss and Leica). Their transparence to ultraviolet light enables them to be used for fluorescence microscopy. The fluorite also serves to correct optical aberrations in these lenses.

Gallery

See also

• List of minerals

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Fluorite

• Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, pp. 324 - 325, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
• Mineral Galleries
• Webmineral
• Mindat.org
• Fluorspar

1. ^ The Complete Encyclopedia of Minerals by P. Korbel and M. Novak

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I’m Just Wild About Jerry

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008)

I’m Just Wild About Jerry Tom and Jerry series
Title card
Directed by	Chuck Jones Maurice Noble
Produced by	Chuck Jones
Story by	Michael Maltese Chuck Jones
Voices by	Mel Blanc
Music by	Eugene Poddany
Animation by	Ben Washam Ken Harris Don Towsley Dick Thompson
Studio	Sib-Tower 12 Productions
Distributed by	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release date(s)	1965
Color process	Metrocolor
Running time	6′ 39″
Preceded by	Haunted Mouse
Followed by	Of Feline Bondage

I’m Just Wild About Jerry is a 1965 Tom and Jerry cartoon, directed and produced by Chuck Jones. Chuck Jones also wrote the cartoon’s plot with long-time collaborator Michael Maltese. The animation was provided by Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris and Don Towsley. The cartoon’s title is a play-on-words of the popular 1920s song “I’m Just Wild About Harry.”

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